Yes, heat pumps can be installed in flats, but the practical options depend on the type of building, ownership structure, and planning requirements. There are two main approaches:
Individual Air Source Heat Pumps
Each flat has its own heat pump, giving residents full control over their heating and hot water. This is most suitable for low-rise blocks with adequate outdoor space and may qualify for the Boiler Upgrade Scheme when replacing existing fossil-fuel or electric heating.
However, outdoor units require good airflow, produce some noise, and may need planning approval. Servicing can be difficult if access is restricted, and pipework length between the unit and the flat is limited by design. Indoor space for a hot water cylinder is often required. Upfront costs can also be significant, particularly in smaller properties.
Communal Heat Pumps
A central plant room houses one or more large heat pumps that supply multiple flats through a shared low- or medium-temperature network. Each flat uses a heat interface unit (HIU) to provide space heating and hot water independently of the main system.
This approach works well when replacing a central gas or oil boiler. It eliminates the need for multiple outdoor units and is usually more cost-effective to maintain at scale. The main considerations are higher initial installation costs and the need for accurate heat metering to ensure fair billing for residents.
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